31 August 2023, Volume 27 Issue 4
    

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  • XIE Min, DING Ying, RU Hui, QIN Jiaxin, HE Yazhi, YI Qiaoru, LIAO Xin, CHU Wuying, ZHU Xin
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 283-289.
    Abstract ( 392 ) Download PDF ( 1287 )   Knowledge map   Save
    To understand the spatio-temporal expression pattern of miR-133a-5p and the effect of short-term fasting on circadian rhythm of its expression in Siniperca chuatsi, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the miR-133a-5p expression in different tissues and embryonic developmental stages and its circadian rhythm after short-term fasting. The results showed that the expression of miR-133a-5p was highest in slow-twitch muscles, higher in fast-twitch muscles and myocardium, but lower in other tissues. The expression level of miR-133a-5p was high at the two-cell stage during embryonic develop-ment, and gradually decreased with the development of the embryo. It maintained at a low level from the late blastula stage to the hatching larvae with no significant difference between each stage. The expression of miR-133a-5p showed no obvious circadian rhythm in fast-twitch muscles of normally fed S. chuatsi, but a circadian rhythm appeared after 5 days of fasting, with high expression during the day and low at night. Taken together, miR-133a-5p was specifically highly expressed in muscle related tissues, suggesting that it may play an important role in the muscular tissue. Its high expression during embryonic development revealed that the target genes regulated by miR-133a-5p may inhibit early embryonic development of S. chuatsi. The rhythmic expression of miR-133a-5p after fasting indicated that miR-133a-5p may be involved in the adaptive regulation of S. chuatsi muscles in response to fasting stress by regulating biological rhythm.
  • DONG Xiangjun, HAO Changlai
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 290-297.
    Abstract ( 397 ) Download PDF ( 1233 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Cardiotoxicity is one of the main limitations of antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) in clinical use. It can aggravate cardiovascular problems and is regarded as a serious medical issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Despite years of research, the mechanism of cardiotoxicity is still unknown, and there is no effec-tive method for early predication or treatment. Therefore, further understanding of its mechanism is needed to develop early prevention or treatment strategies and to avoid irreversible damage to the myocardium. The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) have drawn wide attention recently. mi-RNAs control the occurrence and progression of DIC in many ways, and may become a promising break-through in coping with DIC. This paper reviewed the progress of miRNAs associated with DIC, the possibility and prospect of using miRNAs as therapeutic targets, and the limitations and challenges of their application.
  • ZHANG Yue, HAN Jinghong, NIE Guohui
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 298-304.
    Abstract ( 361 ) Download PDF ( 1276 )   Knowledge map   Save
    To investigate the effect of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) selective inhibitor LLY-283 on cisplatin-induced inner ear hair cell injury, a cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell injury model was first established. After the appropriate injury concentration was determined, the control group, cisplatin in-jury group and LLY-283 pretreatment group were set up. For the LLY-283 pretreatment group, the cells were pretreated with gradient concentrations of LLY-283 (40~140 μmol/L) for 2 h, and then treated with cisplatin for 24 h. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Subsequently, an in vitro culture system of neonatal rat basement membrane was established and a zebrafish model was introduced to further verify the protective effect of LLY-283 on cisplatin-induced auditory hair cell damage. The results showed that, compared with the cisplatin injury group, the LLY-283 pretreatment group showed a significant reduction in cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, an increased survival rate of HEI-OC1 cells, and significant inhibition of the apoptosis induced by cisplatin. At the same time, LLY-283 reduced cisplatin-induced mortality of hair cells in the basement membrane of mice and also reduced cisplatin-in-duced damage to zebrafish lateral line hair cells. The preliminary experiments revealed that LLY-283 could antagonize the toxicity of cisplatin and protect auditory hair cells, indicating that the PRMT5 inhibitor may be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
  • LI Chengjie, LUO Yiyang, L?譈 Ye, LUAN Zhilin
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 305-315.
    Abstract ( 386 ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    As a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. It is highly expressed in liver and intestine, as well as in kidney, brain and other organs. Since its discovery, PXR has been recognized as a sensor for exogenous and endogenous substances. In the activated state, it can regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and other metabo-lism-related proteins to exert detoxification effects. Its functions in the digestive system have been intensively explored due to its high expression in liver and intestine. In recent years, with the detection of PXR in more and more brain regions, its physiological and pathophysiological functions in the central nervous system have attracted much attention. This review summarized the expression profile of PXR in the central nervous sys-tem, its role in the blood-brain barrier, its relationship with neurological diseases and neurotoxicity, and its correlation with the behavioral science. The summary may provide guidance on clinical medication and new ideas for drug development, and also be beneficial for future research on PXR functions in the central ner-vous system.
  • ZENG Liqing, ZHANG Peizhen
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 316-323.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Adipose tissue is a highly complex and heterogeneous tissue with many physiological roles. Dif-ferent parts and types of adipose tissue have different metabolic characteristics. Excessive white adipose tis-sue (WAT) causes obesity, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy expenditure. In recent years, studies have confirmed that exercise can promote the browning of WAT, which is beneficial for metabolic health. WAT browning is affected by the exercise mode, exercise intensity and time, and other factors. Herein, the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, high-intensity interval training and whole-body vibration training on browning of WAT are summarized, with the aim of exploring more efficient exer-cise strategies to promote the browning of WAT, thereby preventing obesity and improving metabolic health.
  • LIU Hejie, Nahaya, XIE Wangwei, Jimusi, Hasigaowa, SODNOMPIL Tserennadmid, Molimei, Narenhua, HERRID Muren, ELSHAZLY Mohamed, NIASARI-NASLAJI Amir, Jirimutu, Manduhu, Mengkebayier
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 324-329.
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    Through cryopreservation, 35 h-stored embryos of high-milk yield dromedary camels, were trans-planted into bactrian camels, which have lower milk yield and are adapted to cold areas, to breed dromedary lambs. A group of 15 dromedary camels were selected as embryo donors, and within 8 days after mating, a total of 114 embryos were collected. Of these embryos, 83 were subjected to testing the efficacy of low-tem-perature preservation, while the rest 31 were transported for 35 hours to a camel field for subsequent trans-plantation with recipient bactrian camels. The results showed that, after cultured in vitro for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in survival rates between the 24 h-cryopreser-ved embryos (75%, 68%, and 64%, respectively) and the control embryos (88%, 80%, and 80%, respectively). However, survival rates of 48 h-cryopreserved embryos (67%, 60%, and 57%, respectively) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the control embryos after cultured in vitro for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, but had no significant difference (P>0.05) compared with those of 24 h-cryopreserved embryos. Within the first month after embryo transplantation, 4 recipient bactrian camels became pregnant (4/9, 44%), and 2 of them success-fully gave birth to healthy male camel offspring on days 382 and 389, respectively, after pregnancy (2/9, 22%). The results demonstrated that 35 h-cryopreserved embryos of dromedary camels can be transplanted into bactrian camels for breeding and production. The successful interspecies embryo transplantation offers refe-rences to introduce highly productive dromedary camels from their arid and hot native habitats to other parts of the world with different climates.
  • FAN Xiaojing, WEI Yalan, WANG Xinrui
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 330-337.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    With the development of biomedical technology, non-human primate (NHP) models become increa-singly widely used in basic scientific research. Meanwhile, many NHP species are on the verge of extinction due to habitat destruction, hunting and genetic isolation. Thus, it is important to improve the sperm cryop-reservation technology to conserve the genetic resources. This review mainly described the characteristics of NHP semen, introduced the methods of semen liquefaction and quality evaluation, and analyzed the effects of cryoprotectants, extenders and freezing methods on sperm cryopreservation. It also compared the relevant sperm parameters, discussed the puzzles and difficulties in sperm cryopreservation research, and proposed some feasible solutions. In conclusion, this paper reviewed the important research results of NHP sperm cryop-reservation in recent years, which may have certain reference value for development of NHP sperm cryopro-tectants and cryopreservation technology.
  • ZHOU Yulu, LI Quanyuan, HUANG Hong, ZHANG Jinquan, HUANG Mei, WEN Fang, BAI Xinxiang
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 338-343.
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    The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is one of the regions with most diverse and unique wild species of Gesneriaceae plants in China, and more and more new taxa of the family have been discovered and reported in recent years. Herein, eight newly recorded Gesneriaceae species from Guizhou Province are reported, which include Petrocosmea forrestii Craib, Petrocosmea oblata Craib, Petrocosmea sinensis Oliv., Oreocharis stewardii (Chun) Mich. M?觟ller & A. Weber, Petrocodon chongqingensis F. Wen, B. Pan & L. Y. Su, Paraboea angustifolia Yan Liu & W. B. Xu, Hemiboea pseudomagnibracteata B. Pan & W. H. Wu, Lysionotus feng-shanensis Yan Liu & D. X. Nong. The voucher specimens of the species are preserved in the Tree Herbarium of the School of Forestry, Guizhou University (GZAC).
  • LIU Ziyue, XIE Die, PENG Xianjin
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 344-348.
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    A new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Guizhou Province of China is reported and named as T. corollifora sp. nov. (♂♀). The photos of the spider body and copulatory organs and informa-tion on geographic distribution are provided, and the morphology is described in detail.
  • SHANG Yuanlingbo, LUO Yao, QIAN Tianyu, GAO Zhiwei, LI Yonghui, DENG Guoxing, YANG Daode
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 349-360.
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    Accurate species identification is a prerequisite for biodiversity conservation and management. Mangshan Mountain, located in the south of Hunan and at the border of Hunan and Guangdong provinces, is a priority area for biodiversity protection in Nanling Mountains, with rich diversity of amphibian species. Ac-cording to the Fauna Hunan: Amphibia, there are two Boulenophrys species distributed in Mangshan: B. kua-tunensis and B. brachykolos, but with the further study of the systematic classification of subfamily Mego-phryinae, the distribution of the two species in Mangshan is currently controversial. During May to June, July to August, November 2021 and June to August 2022, four field surveys on the species of Boulenophrys in Mangshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province were conducted, and 20 specimens were collected. Through morphological and molecular identification, these specimens proved to belong to four species: B. nanlingensis, B. cf. ombrophila, B. jiulianensis, and B. shimentaina, and the latter three species are new records in Hunan Province. However, the species B. kuatunensis and B. brachykolos were not found to exist in Mangshan. Therefore, the existence of the two species in Mangshan should be further confirmed. In addi-tion, the morphological characteristics of female B. shimentaina and B. nanlingensis were described for the first time, which were lack in the original new record description.
  • TANG Bailu, LIU Mulan, KUANG Qiying, HE Xueting, LIU Jia, TANG Yinghong, HE Hailun
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 361-370.
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    Acinetobacter sp. WML1 was isolated from the fishery sediments of freshwater lakes and proved to have application value due to its ability to degrade chitin. Herein, the biosafety of the chitinase-producing strain WML1 was first evaluated for application. The drug resistance of the strain was detected with the disk diffusion method, haemolytic activity was analyzed by streaking the blood agar plate, amino acid decarboxy-lase and nitrate reductase activities were measured by the chromogenic assay with bromocresol purple and nitrate reductase activity assay kit, respectively. On the basis of biosafety analysis, the fermentation condi-tions of the strain were then optimized by single-factor and orthogonal tests for chitinase production. The re-sults showed that the strain WML1 was sensitive to most antibiotics, and had no haemolytic activity or ni-trate reductase activity, had arginine decarboxylase activity and weak lysine and ornithine decarboxylase ac-tivities. The optimal enzyme production conditions of strain WML1 were as follows: 25 mL medium containing 0.4% soybean powder, 0.20% galactose, 0.03% KH2PO4, 0.07% K2HPO4, 0.002% FeSO4, 0.05% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.001% ZnSO4, 0.60% colloidal chitin in a 250 mL flask, with the initial pH of 9.5, 5.0% inoculum size and culture temperature of 37 ℃. Under the optimized conditions, the chitinase activity reached (2.72±0.09) U/mL. In conclusion, Acinetobacter sp. WML1 is generally safe in application, with only low toxicity that is preven-table and controllable, and the enzyme activity could be about 4.61 times higher than that before optimiza-tion. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the industrial application of chitinase-producing bacteria.
  • L?譈 Dan, TAN Zhixia, XU Long, WU Xiushan, YE Xiangli
    Life Science Research. 2023, 27(4): 371-376.
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    Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology is currently widely used in both basic and clinical application research of medicine. Since vectors play an important role in CRISPR/Cas9 technology, further developing and optimizing vector systems is of great significance. Most of the traditional vectors are viral vectors, which have high delivery efficiency, but with defects such as limited insert size, induction of immune response, carcinogenicity, difficulty in large-scale production and even off-target. Non-viral nanocarriers can solve, to some extent, the potential toxicity and capacity limitations caused by viral vectors during gene editing, and may have broader application pros-pects. This paper reviews the non-viral nanocarriers currently used for CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery, inclu-ding main difficulties that non-viral nanocarriers may encounter in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 systems, and cor-responding solutions and strategies, in order to provide a new reference for gene therapy and drug development.