种子植物受精摆脱水束缚应归因于花粉管的起源吗? ——植物学教材质疑(一)

黎维平

生命科学研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1) : 89-94.

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生命科学研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1) : 89-94.
学术争鸣

种子植物受精摆脱水束缚应归因于花粉管的起源吗? ——植物学教材质疑(一)

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Should Fertilization Independent of Water in Spermatophyte Be Attributed to the Origin of Pollen Tube? Questioning Botany Textbooks (Ⅰ)

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摘 要: 几乎所有中文植物学教材都把花粉管当成是种子植物对受精摆脱水束缚的适应特征, 并得出粉管受精使种子植物更适应于陆生生活的结论。但是, 某些灭绝的(种子蕨和科得荻植物)和一些现存的(银杏和苏铁)裸子植物行游动受精, 需要特别指出的是其受精并不需要液态水。种子蕨和科得荻植物不形成花粉管, 银杏和苏铁的花粉管是吸器而无输送精子的功能。其实, 正是小孢子在小孢子囊中的原位发育导致植物演化出花粉和传粉, 花粉的形成及其传播才使受精真正摆脱了水的限制。澄清花粉管的功能可作为植物学批判性教学的案例, 以促进学生们科学精神和科学思维的发展。

Abstract

Abstract: Almost all Chinese textbooks of botany have regarded spermatophyte pollen tubes as a key struc-ture for the fertilization independent of water, and concluded that siphonogamy makes seed plants adapt to terrestrial habitats more successfully. In fact, however, certain extinct (pteridosperms and cordaitaleans) and extant (Ginkgo and the cycads) gymnosperms were/are zooidogamous and it is especially noteworthy that they did/do not require the liquid water for their fertilization. Pteridosperms and cordaitaleans had not developed the capacity to produce pollen tubes, while in Ginkgo and the cycads the pollen tube serves as a haustorial organ and does not transfer sperms to the archegonium. It is germination in situ of the microspores within the microsporangium that led to evolutionary formation of pollen and pollination that makes sperms reach ovules without help of any water. The re-understanding of pollen tube function is suggested as a critical teaching case of botany to promote students’ scientific spirit and thinking.

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黎维平. 种子植物受精摆脱水束缚应归因于花粉管的起源吗? ——植物学教材质疑(一)[J]. 生命科学研究, 2021, 25(1): 89-94
LI Wei-ping. Should Fertilization Independent of Water in Spermatophyte Be Attributed to the Origin of Pollen Tube? Questioning Botany Textbooks (Ⅰ)[J]. Life Science Research, 2021, 25(1): 89-94

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