摘 要: 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是目前发病率较高的神经退行性疾病, 主要临床表现为不可逆的记忆力丧失与认知功能的衰退。AD起病隐秘, 不易察觉, 病程长达数十年, 尚无有效治疗手段, 因此AD早期的诊断与干预尤为重要; 但是, 当前AD早期诊断缺乏灵敏、简便的检测方案。体液(特别是血液)中的生物标志物受到了越来越多的关注, 可能成为AD早期诊断的有效手段。现主要综述了与AD病理进程相关的脑脊液、血液、尿液中的生物标志物, 并对其应用与前景做一展望。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is a common cause of dementia in late life and characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognition. The pathogenesis of AD lasts for decades but is difficult to be accurately detected. Given no cure for AD so far, early diagnosis and intervention are particularly important. More sensitive and convenient diagnostic methods are still under investigation. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to biomarkers in body fluids (especially blood) as effective methods for early diagnosis of AD. Here, the AD-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine were summarized, and their potential applications and prospects were also discussed.