Abstract:Abstract: Methylation is a chemical modification of DNA that can change genetic performance without changing the DNA sequence. It is a relatively stable and heritable epigenetic marker. The dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation controls gene expression in organisms. Active demethylation of DNA has been found in both plant and animal cells. In plants, ROS1/DME enzymes cut methylated cytosines and complete active demethylation through the base excision repair mechanism. In animals, 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) are first oxidized by TET1 protein to produce 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), then 5fC and 5caC are cut by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), and finally unmodified cytosines are obtained after base excision repair. Herein, the latest research progress on active DNA demethylation pathways and their regulatory mechanisms in plants and animals is reviewed, in hope of providing theoretical support for further research.
引用本文:
刘春雨, 王 宇, 解莉楠. 动植物DNA主动去甲基化途径及其调控机制研究进展[J]. 生命科学研究, 2020, 24(5): 415-424.
LIU Chun-yu, WANG Yu, XIE Li-nan. Progress on the Active DNA Demethylation Pathways and Their Regulation Mechanisms in Animals and Plants. Life Science Research, 2020, 24(5): 415-424.