Abstract:Abstract: Fruit, a unique structure of angiosperms, contributes to the prosperity of angiosperms by protecting seeds and helping them disperse. It is difficult to construct a satisfactory fruit classification system due to the huge diversity in fruit morphology and structure. This paper proposes redefinition of some fruit types, and modifications of the systems in botany textbooks. The proposals include: 1) Berrylike drupe and pome should be classified as subtypes of drupe type and berry type, respectively; 2) Schizocarp should be upgraded into one of three dry fruit types in parallel with dehiscent and indehiscent fruits. New classification of schizocarp types should include loment, schizosilicle and segmented silique (lomentose silique); 3) Indehiscent fruit should be divided into two subtypes, nut and achene, while achene should be subdivided into true achene, achenelet, cypsela, caryopsis, utricle and samara (winged achenes); 4) Silique and silicle should be categori-zed within capsule type, and peanuts within nut type. In addition, in the teaching process of classification systems, it is suggested to guide students to explore the differences between folk classification and botanical classification of fruits, the relationships between the morphological and anatomical characteristics of pericarp and the epidermis structure of seeds and seed numbers, the taxonomical values of fruits and the evolution of fruit types.
引用本文:
黎维平. 果实分类系统的修订和教学
——植物学教材质疑(十)[J]. 生命科学研究, 2022, 26(5): 460-470.
LI Wei-ping. Some Revisions and Teaching Suggestions on Fruit Classification Systems
Questioning Botany Textbooks (X). Life Science Research, 2022, 26(5): 460-470.